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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">接口</h2>
        

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        <p>在java中，接口表示一种规范/约束/要求实现者必须遵循该规范：用来约束使用者应该怎么做。</p>
<p>接口只定义了类应当遵循的规范，却不关心这些类的内部数据和其功能的实现细节。站在程序的角度上说接口只规定了类里必须提供的方法，从而分离了规范和实现，增强了系统的可拓展性和可维护性。</p>
<h1 id="接口的定义"><a href="#接口的定义" class="headerlink" title="接口的定义"></a>接口的定义</h1><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Usbable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">transData</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>接口其实是一个特殊的抽象类,内部的<code>abstract</code>可以不写</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>如果没有在方法前面加上<code>abstract</code>,会在编译时自动添加上<code>public abstract void trabsData()</code></p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="接口中的注意点"><a href="#接口中的注意点" class="headerlink" title="接口中的注意点"></a>接口中的注意点</h1><blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>1.接口中是没有构造器的,接口不能创建对象;</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>2.接口中定义常量,都是全局的静态常量;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>String name = &quot;world&quot;;</code> &gt;&gt;<br><code>public static final String name = &quot;world&quot;;</code></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>3.接口中定义的方法都是公共的抽象的方法;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>void transData();</code> &gt;&gt;<br><code>public abstract void transData();</code></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>4.接口中可以定义内部类,内部类也是公共的抽象的;</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="接口的继承"><a href="#接口的继承" class="headerlink" title="接口的继承"></a>接口的继承</h1><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> 接口;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//爬行动物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Iwalkable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">walk</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//水生动物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Iswimable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">swim</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//两栖动物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Iamphibiousablbe</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Iswimable</span>,<span class="title">Iwalkable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>接口是可以继承的,它是可多继承的.</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="接口的实现"><a href="#接口的实现" class="headerlink" title="接口的实现"></a>接口的实现</h1><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> 接口;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//爬行动物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Iwalkable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">walk</span><span class="params">()</span></span>; <span class="comment">//public abstract void walk();</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//水生动物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Iswimable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">swim</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//两栖动物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Iamphibiousablbe</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Iswimable</span>,<span class="title">Iwalkable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Aniaml</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	String name;</span><br><span class="line">	String color;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//Cat实现了Iwalkable接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 实现关系有时候也称它为继承关系</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Cat</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Iwalkable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//覆盖的时候，子类的方法权限要比父类大，或者一样大</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">walk</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		System.out.println(<span class="string">"走猫步"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">_01Test</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="comment">// (Iwalkable接口也可以称为它的父类)</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="comment">//多态写法，把子类对象赋值给父类类型</span></span><br><span class="line">		Iwalkable cat = <span class="keyword">new</span> Cat(); <span class="comment">//面向接口编程</span></span><br><span class="line">		cat.walk();<span class="comment">//多态运行时表现出来的还是子类的特征。（编译时看左边，运行时看右边）</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="接口与抽象类的区别"><a href="#接口与抽象类的区别" class="headerlink" title="接口与抽象类的区别"></a>接口与抽象类的区别</h1><h2 id="相同点"><a href="#相同点" class="headerlink" title="相同点"></a>相同点</h2><ol>
<li>都是被其它类实现或者被继承的；</li>
<li>都不能实例化；</li>
<li>都可以定义抽象方法，定义的抽象方法子类必须得要覆盖；</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="不同点"><a href="#不同点" class="headerlink" title="不同点"></a>不同点</h2><ol>
<li>接口是没有构造器的，抽象类中有构造器；</li>
<li>抽象类中可以包含抽象方法和普通方法，接口当中只能有抽象方法,不能有普通方法（带有方法体）；（jdk8以后可以有普通方法）；</li>
<li>接口当中成员变量为<code>public static final 变量;</code>-&gt;静态常量;抽象类中默认的权限(包访问权限);</li>
<li>方法 接口中默认方法为<code>public abstract 方法名;</code>;抽象类中默认的权限(包访问权限);</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="面向接口编程"><a href="#面向接口编程" class="headerlink" title="面向接口编程"></a>面向接口编程</h1><blockquote>
<p>面向接口编程:把实现类对象赋值给接口类型的变量;</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>多态的好处：屏蔽了不同类之间的实现差异，从而达到通用编程；</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> 接口;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">IUSB</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">swapData</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Mouse</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">IUSB</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">swapData</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		System.out.println(<span class="string">"鼠标移动"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Keyboard</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">IUSB</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">swapData</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		System.out.println(<span class="string">"输出字符"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MotherBoard</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">pluginIn</span><span class="params">(IUSB USB)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		USB.swapData();</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Test</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		IUSB m = <span class="keyword">new</span> Mouse();</span><br><span class="line">		IUSB k = <span class="keyword">new</span> Keyboard();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">		MotherBoard mo = <span class="keyword">new</span> MotherBoard();</span><br><span class="line">		mo.pluginIn(k);</span><br><span class="line">		mo.pluginIn(m);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

      
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